John C. Wright ([info]johncwright) wrote,
@ 2006-11-13 14:30:00
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Gut Check Part Two - Restating the Case

I am aware that a science fiction writer addressing any hotly-contested great issue of the day runs the risk of alienating the friendship and loyalty of otherwise kindhearted readers. While I would like nothing better than not to offend my dear patrons, certain debates are worth following to the end, without fear or favor, going only where the truth leads. I was a philosopher long before I was an entertainer, and so it is with an apology that I must continue to discuss an awkward topic. I will lose some readers, for which I am sorry. But most science fiction fans are made of sterner stuff, and do not fear ideas, even unpopular ideas. Indeed, the ability to see both sides of any issue, or to think the future might hold a different opinion than the current consensus, is one thing that makes speculative fiction speculative. Other genres cannot make this boast.

If you are not interested, or if you want to retain a good opinion of me, read no further.

While I am pleased with the kind interest and attention displayed by people who have taken the time to comment on the controversy of aborticide, I fear my point was lost amid the wording. None of the comments I received in return eased my suspicion that I was unclear.

Therefore let us clarify. The argument runs:

  1. As a matter of cause and effect, injury done to the unborn, if permanent, will continue until and after birth, appearing as an injury in the person who results. If you deliberately lop off the limb bubs of a fetus, the child who comes from this will be an amputee. (This is a matter of fact: we can take it as a given.)
  2. Parents have a duty to see to the wellbeing of their offspring. (If nothing else, laws against infanticide, child abuse and child neglect, paternity laws, and truancy laws sufficiently confirm civilized peoples place a burden of childrearing on parents.)
  3. To see to the wellbeing of one's offspring includes not to injure them. (This follows by definition.)
  4. If this duty only applied to offspring after birth, it would be "not dereliction" for parents to injure an unborn deliberately. It would be acceptable under this duty, to intend to cause, and to cause, permanent damage and to be responsible for this injury in the resulting person: which is absurd.  If I deliberately lop off the limbs of a fetus, the child who comes from this will be an amputee, and in no sense of the word can I be said to be not responsible for the injuries.
  5. Therefore the duty applies before as well as after birth.
  6. Aborticide is a special case of prenatal injury, namely, intending to induce, and inducing sufficient damage in the unborn that he dies of his wounds or of the damage caused by the depravation of his nutriment or oxygen.
  7. Therefore aborticide is a dereliction of parental duty.

Logic dictates a duty begins to operate the moment I can take an act to see to the duty, likewise the moment when some failure to act is negligence of that duty. Otherwise the concept of duty means nothing. If I can legitimately get out of a debt due by Tuesday by destroying the subject matter of the debt on Monday, it is not really a debt.

If I vow fealty to the King of England, it does not excuse me of that fealty, indeed, it is the very definition of treason, if I kill the King an hour before his coronation: certainly it is no defense for me to claim the crown-prince being dead, I now never owed any duty to the King.

Our common sense reaction to a woman who will not give up cocaine during pregnancy is that she is a bad mother. No matter whether the unborn is legally a person or not, giving birth to a crack-addicted baby, when one could have given birth to a healthy one, is a dereliction of a mother's duty of care.

If harming the unborn is dereliction of parental duty, harming it to the point of death is more so. Taking cocaine in sufficient amount to kill the baby would not somehow make one a mother who fulfilled her duty, or was legitimately excused from it.

To carry out a duty, in law, requires action in good faith at all times. This is an ancient principle in legal reasoning. To will the end is to will the means to the end. This is an ancient principle in moral reasoning. I do not think my argument comes to a result that is contrary to what common sense and common decency dictates. If we were talking about any other topic but aborticide, the logic would pass without comment.




(18 comments) - (Post a new comment)


[info]cultureulterior
2006-11-13 08:23 pm UTC (link)
As a matter of cause and effect, injury done to the unborn, if permanent, will continue until and after birth, appearing as an injury in the person who results. If you deliberately lop off the limb bubs of a fetus, the child who comes from this will be an amputee. (This is a matter of fact: we can take it as a given.)

So you would accept harming an undifferentiated cell mass (8 cells, for example)?
Would you accept killing it?

(Reply to this)


[info]stevewilson
2006-11-13 11:34 pm UTC (link)
Wouldn't aborticide mean killing an abortion?

Perhaps feticide?

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[info]superversive
2006-11-13 11:41 pm UTC (link)
It’s no more illogical than speaking of gunshot wounds, when it is not the shot, but the person through whose tissues it has passed, that is wounded.

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[info]stevewilson
2006-11-14 12:18 am UTC (link)
That's a fair point about gunshot wounds, and I could easily accept abortion homicide as a term.

But every other -icide word that I can think of is constructed so as to refer to what's being killed.

Regicide, patricide, insecticide, suicide etc.

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[info]superversive
2006-11-14 12:37 am UTC (link)
Certainly ‘aborticide’ is contrary to established idiom. I agree with you there. But I am not so simon-pure in matters of morphology as to cast stones at our gracious host’s choice of neologisms.

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[info]johncwright
2006-11-28 11:22 pm UTC (link)
The word is from the dictionary, not a neologism.
aborticide - the act of destroying a fetus.

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[info]superversive
2006-11-29 12:29 am UTC (link)
I didn’t say it was your invention, sir; but it is at any rate a relatively recent word, and I believe generally thought unnecessary. My Canadian Oxford hasn’t got it; neither has my Concise Oxford, nor my American Heritage, which is fairly unabridged. Random House gives it two meanings, making it a direct synonym of foeticide on the one hand and abortifacient on the other (on the analogy of insecticide, I suppose). That seems to me an undesirable ambiguity, which is probably one reason why the word has not caught on in general use. Of course you are quite welcome to use it; though it seems to me to call attention rather to your words than to your meaning.

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(Anonymous)
2006-11-14 12:58 am UTC (link)
If I modify my sperm so that, if I beget a child the child will be damaged, and then I beget a child; I have done wrong.
If I spill my sperm onto the ground or into a condom, I have (I think) not done wrong.
So, in this case, destruction is not, in its moral consequences, a special case of (harmful) modification.
What makes the moral situation different when the sperm has joined the egg?
This is intended as a substantive not a rhetorical question.
-David Burt
davidcburt1@yahoo.com

(Reply to this) (Thread)


[info]johncwright
2006-11-28 11:31 pm UTC (link)
The question was answered, if only by implication, in the argument. When does the duty of parenting obtain? I am not speaking of the duty (if there is one) of a bachellor to become a parent, I am speaking of the duty to be a parent to any offspring created.

You have a duty, I submit, not to damage or modify your sperm in such a way as forseeably results harm to your child that might be avoided.

The question is then merely what degree of precaution you are willing to undertake. A Catholic would answer that spilling one's seed on the ground or into a condom is a grave moral error. He need not make the distinction you are calling on me to make. He acts with responsibility within his duty to every possible ramification.

You, who take it as no wrong to spill seed into a condom or on the ground, would have to argue that no irrevokable step had taken place, that the duty of parenting does not yet obtain. Since the chain of cause and effect from mere seed (which does not naturally, of itself, lead to a child--indeed, nature ensures countless sperm are destroyed during normal sex) to a child is speculative and the chain of cause and effect from an unborn child to a born one is as certain as anything in life, you might want to make your distinction on these grounds.

In other words, the duty does not obtain where no clear harm to the child might result.

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[info]jordan179
2006-11-14 02:02 pm UTC (link)
Therefore aborticide is a dereliction of parental duty.

I agree.

I'll point something else out.

Even if a woman has a right to an abortion, or at least the removal of the fetus from her body with no further concern in its life (which, as technology advances, will not be entirely the same thing as killing the child), other people certainly have the right to draw the appropriate conclusions from her actions.

A woman who will casually let her child be killed will casually let anyone else be killed. There are exceptions to this rule, but in general I assume that a woman who has had an abortion cannot be trusted not to betray or harm me if being loyal to me, in friendship or whatever else, becomes inconvenient.

After all, she already betrayed her baby.

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[info]annafirtree
2006-11-15 09:41 pm UTC (link)
"A woman who will casually let her child be killed will casually let anyone else be killed."

I don't think that's entirely fair. If the woman has an abortion, chances are good that she has never thought of the baby as a living person. On the other hand, chances are good that she does think of people that she has met (including you) as living people. The fact that she has allowed to die someone that YOU think is a person doesn't imply that she would casually allow someone SHE thinks is a person to be killed.

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[info]carbonelle
2006-11-16 04:46 am UTC (link)
No, but you would always wonder about how flexible her definitions could get, if for some reason you proved a serious inconvenience to her.

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[info]annafirtree
2006-11-17 12:13 am UTC (link)
Well, maybe that's what would be on your mind. I can't say that I would think of a woman that way just because she had had an abortion; not unless she displayed an attitude of carelessness in other ways, in which case it would be that attitude, not the abortion itself, that would be making me wonder.

I'm not saying we shouldn't fault a woman for having an abortion; I just don't think that's the way to do it.

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[info]carbonelle
2006-11-17 02:11 am UTC (link)
Fair enough.

(Reply to this) (Parent)

Possible points of contention:
[info]carbonelle
2006-11-16 04:47 am UTC (link)
Competing duties: which should win--?

Are all duties absolute upon a man--?

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Re: Possible points of contention:
[info]lordbrand
2006-11-22 07:58 pm UTC (link)
Agreed - these are concerns.

(Reply to this) (Parent)

Re: Possible points of contention:
[info]johncwright
2006-11-28 11:34 pm UTC (link)
What I am providing with this argument is a rational starting point for a debate about abortion, not a conclusion. I can imagine situations were other duties might prevail over the parenting duty.

Likewise I can imagine situations were my duty to preserve my own life is not paramount, but if our society went around excusing suicide on the grounds that a man is no longer human the moment he choses not to be, therefore suicide merely kills a not-human not a real person, this would be a false foundation to construct a defence of suicide.

(Reply to this) (Parent)(Thread)

Re: Possible points of contention:
[info]carbonelle
2006-11-29 02:27 am UTC (link)
Fair enough.

I've no argument with the foundation, only that the conclusion is... messier. There's the ideal and the reality, but the starting place ought to be to shoot for the former.

(Reply to this) (Parent)


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